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A vast majority of emergency room patients are discharged without understanding the treatment they received or how to care for themselves once they get home, researchers say. And that can lead to medication errors and serious complications that can send them right back to the hospital.
In a new study, researchers followed 140 English-speaking patients discharged from emergency departments in two Michigan hospitals and measured their understanding in four areas — their diagnosis, their E.R. treatment, instructions for their at-home care and warning signs of when to return to the hospital. The New York Times
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Disease interventions, such as the use of insecticide-treated nets to prevent malaria and increased access to HIV treatment and prevention, have helped reduce the number of deaths among children younger than age five worldwide to 9.2 million in 2007, down from 9.7 million in 2006 and 12.7 million in 1990, according to a UNICEF report published Friday in the journal Lancet, Reuters reports (Kahn, Reuters, 9/12). Although deaths among children younger than age five have declined by more than 50% since 1990 in East Asia, the Pacific, Latin America, the Caribbean, and Central and Eastern Europe, progress remains "grossly insufficient," particularly in much of sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, the report said (BBC News, 9/12). Medical News Today
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Feeling cold? Maybe you're lonely.
Social isolation makes people feel physically cold, find University of Toronto psychologists Chen-Bo Zhong, PhD, and Geoffrey J. Leonardelli, PhD.
Moreover, they find that making people feel left out makes them more likely to choose hot soup or coffee over warm or room-temperature foods and beverages.
"It's striking that people preferred hot coffee and soup more when socially excluded," Leonardelli says in a news release. "Our research suggests that warm chicken soup may be a literal coping mechanism for social isolation."
Zhong and Leonardelli performed two experiments on college students. WebMD
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In general, I consider the following potential causes for miscarriage:
Hormonal causes: Some common hormonal problems include high levels of the hormone LH associated with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS); high levels of the hormone FSH on day 3 of the cycle due to advanced maternal age; and elevated prolactin levels.
Chromosomal causes: Chromosomal abnormalities (frequently called translocations) in either the male or female may be a factor. It is interesting that people with this type of abnormality may have both miscarriages and normal offspring, so it should be considered in your case. Your Total Health
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 Higher levels of a chemical often found in plastic food and drink packaging are associated with cardiovascular disease and diabetes, a study has suggested.
The group with the highest levels of Bisphenol A (BPA) in their urine were found to be more than twice as likely to have diabetes or heart disease.
But the Journal of the American Medical Association research did not show that Bisphenol A caused the conditions.
And a UK toxicology expert stressed the study's findings were "preliminary".
Over two million tonnes of BPA were produced in 2003, although usage of the chemical is starting to decline. BBC News
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At least 1 in 4 U.S. women reports incontinence or prolapse, study finds.Almost 25 percent of American women have a pelvic floor disorder, such as urinary incontinence, fecal incontinence or pelvic organ prolapse, according to new research.
"This study showed that pelvic floor disorders are exceedingly common in women in the United States," said the study's lead author, Dr. Ingrid Nygaard, a professor in the division of urogynecology and pelvic reconstructive surgery in the department of obstetrics and gynecology at the University of Utah School of Medicine. USA Today
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 Drinking chamomile tea daily with meals may help prevent the complications of diabetes, which include loss of vision, nerve damage, and kidney damage, researchers in Japan and the United Kingdom are reporting.
The findings could lead to the development of a new chamomile-based drug for type 2 diabetes, which is at epidemic levels in this country and spreading worldwide, they note. Their study appears in the Sept. 10 issue of the ACS' Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, a bi-weekly publication. Science Daily
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 Let’s say a patient walks into my office and says he’s been feeling down for the past three weeks. A month ago, his fiancée left him for another man, and he feels there’s no point in going on. He has not been sleeping well, his appetite is poor and he has lost interest in nearly all of his usual activities.
Should I give him a diagnosis of clinical depression? Or is my patient merely experiencing what the 14th-century monk Thomas à Kempis called “the proper sorrows of the soul”? The answer is more complicated than some critics of psychiatric diagnosis think. The New York Times
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 We are pleased to announce the launch of our customized health news service on Medical News Today. This system enhances the services we already provide by allowing users to sign up and change their homepage and menu options. Having registered, you can change your homepage to only show the health news categories that you are interested in.
Alastair Hazell, Director, said "Medical News Today continues to grow and we now publish up to 170 medical and health news articles every day in 111 different therapeutic areas. Visitor habits are continually evolving with people demanding faster and more efficient access to information. Websites have to keep up and develop in order to meet these demands. Medical News Today
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Migraine sufferers appear to be at increased risk for stroke, and now a new study may help explain why.
One theory has been that people with migraines develop hardened plaque within the arteries -- known as atherosclerosis -- earlier than people without migraines. Atherosclerosis is a major risk factor for stroke.
But this was not seen in the study, which was the first to use high-resolution ultrasound to examine the hypothesis.
The imaging did not show more plaque buildup in the arteries of the people with migraines. But a review of medical records did reveal an increase in vein-related blood clots (such as deep vein thrombosis, DVT, and pulmonary embolism) in these people, compared to people without migraines. WebMD
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Bisphenol A (BPA), a chemical found in plastics that include baby bottles and packaging for food and beverages, may put people at risk for heart disease and type 2 diabetes, a new study concludes.
Adding to the controversy surrounding this ubiquitous chemical, this study fuels the fears of those who want it banned. However, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration said in April that BPA was "safe and that exposure levels to BPA from food contact materials, including for infants and children, are below those that may cause health effects."
The research, published in the Sept. 17 issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association, was released early to coincide with a public hearing the FDA is holding on the issue Tuesday. Your Total Health
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HIV rates in Australia have increased by almost 50 per cent in the past eight years, pushing the number of new cases diagnosed each year to more than 1000 and prompting a call for more funding to fight the disease.
A study by the National Centre of HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research at the University of NSW found that 1051 new cases were diagnosed last year, up from 998 in 2006 and 718 in 1999.
The centre's deputy director, John Kaldor, said yesterday the figures represented a steady, but disappointing, trend that had been occurring in the past six to seven years. "It is important to maintain our focus on trying to keep the infection rate from climbing," he said. Life & Style
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