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When mums and dads hit the dance floor to strut their stuff, it's guaranteed to send their teenage offspring diving under tables cringing and blushing. Scientists now believe they know why. Research by University College London suggests adolescents process the emotions of embarrassment and guilt differently to adults, The Times has reported. Brain scan studies identified clear differences in brain activity when teenagers and adults were asked to think about social emotions. Life & Style
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A ban on smoking tobacco in public has come into force in India. Health Minister Anbumani Ramadoss says he aims to cut the number of smokers and to protect passive smokers from the harmful effects of tobacco. The government says India has more than 120 million cigarette smokers. Observers say the ban will need to be strictly enforced. Those flouting it face fines of 200 rupees ($4.50). Tobacco smoking in India kills 900,000 people a year. That figure is expected to rise to a million by 2010. BBC News
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When a reactor in the Chernobyl nuclear power plant exploded in 1986 in what was then the Soviet republic of Ukraine, radioactive elements were released in the air and dispersed over the Soviet Union, Europe and even eastern portions of North America. More than 20 years later, researchers from Case Western Reserve University traveled to Sweden and Poland to gain insight into the downward migration of Chernobyl-derived radionuclides in the soil. Among the team's findings was the fact that much more plutonium was found in the Swedish soil at a depth that corresponded with the nuclear explosion than that of Poland. Science Daily
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LIKE so many people around the world, Dr. Michael Joyner was transfixed watching Michael Phelps swim in the Summer Olympics. But while many of us focused on Mr. Phelps’s world records, Dr. Joyner, a competitive Masters swimmer and an exercise researcher at the Mayo Clinic, noticed something else. “I have never seen anyone so relaxed in the water,” he said. Relaxation. It is a trait that is often underappreciated, coaches and athletic trainers say. Yet it can make the difference between doing your best and not doing well, between feeling dragged down or soaring. Coaches search for better ways to teach it. And many athletes, including some of the world’s best, work on it constantly. An ability to relax while pushing hard, exercise researchers say, is one reason why winners win. The New York Times
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An international team of scientists investigating African human tissue samples preserved for nearly 50 years have suggested that the HIV/AIDS pandemic started around 100 years ago, between 1884 and 1924, at the same time as urbanization started growing in west central Africa. The finding is published in the 2nd October issue of the journal Nature and was the work of Dr Michael Worobey, an assistant professor of ecology and evolutionary biology at The University of Arizona in Tucson, and colleagues at research centres in Australia, Belgium, France, Democratic Republic of Congo, Denmark and the USA. Medical News Today
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Researchers looking into the virus that causes AIDS have found HIV in a 1960 tissue sample of an infected woman from what is now the Democratic Republic of Congo (DR Congo). Researchers, led by Michael Worobey, PhD, at the University of Arizona, compared the 1960 virus sample with a sample from 1959 -- the oldest known sample -- for clues on how the early HIV virus has evolved. After looking at HIV in the tissue of the DR Congo woman and comparing it to the virus from 1959, researchers concluded that the virus evolved from one common ancestor sweeping through Africa in the beginning of the 20th century. The research team also compared the genetics of the two viruses to HIV obtained from tissue samples from Belgium and Canadian AIDS patients from 1981 and 1997. WebMD
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Women have been warned to stop using talcum powder around their genitals after research found it could increase the risk of ovarian cancer by up to 40%. Although previous studies have raised concern about talcum powder, American scientists now fear it can travel up a woman's reproductive tract as far as the ovaries and cause inflammation that allows cancer cells to flourish. Scientists at Harvard Medical School studied more than 3000 women and found using talc once a week raised the risk of ovarian cancer by 36%, rising to 41% for those who use it every day. The findings, published in the journal Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers and Prevention, apply only to talcum powder used around the genital area, not the rest of the body. Life & Style
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It did not take long for the euphoria of the Beijing Olympics to fade. China's failure to produce good milk has killed at least four babies, and sickened many thousands of others. Domestic and export markets in anything that might contain Chinese milk powder are stymied, and scores of dairy firms have gone to the wall. The still unravelling saga has reduced China's reputation for food safety - and manufacturing integrity - to its lowest level in years. BBC News
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When a cell's chromosomes lose their ends, the cell usually kills itself to stem the genetic damage. But University of Utah biologists discovered how those cells can evade suicide and start down the path to cancer. Details of how the process works someday may provide new ways to treat cancer. The new study of fruit flies is the first to show in animals that losing just one telomere – the end of a chromosome – can lead to many abnormalities in a cell's chromosomes, which are strands of DNA that carry genes. Science Daily
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Brunel University’s School of Sport and Education has reveals that, according to Dr Costas Karageorghis’s latest research, carefully selected music can significantly increase a person’s physical endurance and make the experience of cardiovascular exercise far more positive. The study, due to be published in the U.S. periodical Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, is the latest from a 20-year programme of work into the motivational qualities of music in sport and exercise. The findings illustrate the considerable benefits associated with exercising in time to music: something that some elite athletes, such as marathon world record holder Haile Gebrselassie, have been doing for years. Science Daily
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IN this factory town in south-central Michigan, hard hit by the decline of the auto industry and home to a population whose health grimly lags well below national averages, several dozen small-business owners have joined forces in a wellness campaign that rivals those of the country’s giant corporations. With fewer employees to rely on, small businesses are particularly vulnerable when workers take sick days or function poorly on the job. “If they’re not healthy and alert, they can’t do things like designing projects,” said Mike Shirkey, owner of Orbitform Group, a machine tools company with 55 employees in Jackson. The New York Times
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Inadequate healthcare is received by thousands of the United Kingdom's Deaf patients because they are struggling to communicate with their healthcare providers, according to an article released on October 1, 2008 in BMJ. The term Deaf is defined as individuals born Deaf and prefer to communicate in British Sign Language. Michael Paddock and colleagues from Kings College London School of Medicine and South West London and St George's Mental Healthcare NHS Trust comment on the general lack of awareness of Deaf issues as well as deficit in communication support for Deaf people. Medical News Today
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